Publication date: June 1, 2026
Practical application – the case of a museum as a bidder
Can an entity endowed with a statutory right of first refusal simultaneously influence the price it ultimately pays? In the historical monuments auction market, this question is no longer merely a theoretical dilemma. The active participation of registered museums in auctions, combined with the possibility of later exercising their right of first refusal, raises serious questions regarding auction transparency, the equality of participants, and the limits of permissible exercise of public law rights. This article examines this issue at the intersection of civil law, cultural heritage protection, and fair market principles.
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Publication date: May 13, 2026
The most significant changes that influence litigations in Poland will come into force on March 1, 2026. The amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure concern, among other things, powers of attorney, mediation, the computerization of civil proceedings (this element predominates in the amending act), and new rules for service of documents. Many changes concern the use of an information portal in the proceedings, which is also the subject of an amendment to the Act on the System of Common Courts.
The amendment aims to be one of the first steps towards computerizing the entire justice system to meet the needs of the information society. Furthermore, the justification also includes intentions to standardize the use of IT systems across courts, eliminating differences, for example, between different divisions of common courts. For the time being, after all the changes contained in the amending act enter into force, documents filed via the Information Portal will still need to be printed for inclusion in the case file due to the lack of digital records in civil proceedings. However, this is only a temporary solution, as work on digital records is already underway. The legislative authority also emphasizes the importance of gradual implementation and development, so that judges and citizens have an appropriate transitional period to become familiar with these systems.
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Publication date: May 13, 2026
The entry into application of the EU Data Act on 12 September 2025 marks one of the most significant developments in European data regulation since the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). While the GDPR established a comprehensive framework for the protection of personal data, the Data Act introduces a new legal regime designed to improve access to and use of data generated by connected products and related digital services.
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Publication date: May 13, 2026
Can an AI influencer be held legally accountable? Not directly — but the businesses and creators behind them certainly can.
As AI-generated personas become a powerful tool in marketing, they also raise important legal questions around transparency, advertising disclosures, GDPR compliance, copyright, and the new obligations introduced by the EU AI Act. In my latest article, I explore who bears responsibility for AI influencers, what regulatory requirements apply, and which legal risks companies should address before launching virtual brand ambassadors.
If your business is using AI to engage consumers, this is a topic you cannot afford to ignore.
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Publication date: May 11, 2026
An unauthorized transaction is a financial transaction made without the consent of the account or cardholder, for example, as a result of data theft. In such a situation, the bank is obligated to return the funds unless it can prove the customer’s intentional act or gross negligence.
Currently, there is a noticeable increase in unauthorized transactions. This causes payers and banks to lose nearly a billion złoty annually. The Polish Financial Ombudsman is noticing a growing number of requests for intervention regarding unauthorized payment transactions. In the first half of 2020 alone, it received 416 requests. This is more than in all of 2018, when there were 367. In 2019, there were 612 requests, an increase of almost 60%. It is worth noting that in the first half of 2020, requests regarding unauthorized transactions accounted for 80% of all requests related to violations of the Payment Services Act.
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