The loss or corruption of data in a business is rarely “just” a technical problem. In practice it is a serious legal and financial crisis: production downtime, loss of trust among business partners and, in extreme cases, administrative fines running into millions. The scope of liability, however, depends above all on what kind of data has been lost or corrupted. The law treats the loss of source code or technical documentation quite differently from a leak of employee records or a customer database. The first step in assessing liability for a breach of the integrity or availability of data is therefore its unambiguous legal classification.
Implementing artificial intelligence in an organisation does not begin with choosing a tool, but with answering the question of who we are in the AI value chain and what we are responsible for. This article sets out the relationship between the GDPR and the AI Act: from the roles of provider, deployer and controller, through algorithmic risks, the limits of lawfulness in the workplace and the rights of individuals, to the DPIA, the FRIA and the AI Governance model. It reflects the legal position following the entry into force of the Polish Act on Artificial Intelligence Systems and the postponement of the AI Act application dates by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744.
The subject of this analysis is a marketing model for a physical product based on the use of influencer marketing combined with the environment of the game Minecraft. Online creators promote branded toys containing candy, widely available in retail sale, including in popular discount store chains. The campaign also involves creating and making available within Minecraft virtual counterparts of the promoted products, which function, inter alia, on servers, on maps and through game modifications.
The Legal Environment and Practical Aspects of Dual-Use Technology – the Ukrainian Conflict as a Lens on the Development of EU Regulation and the Polish Jurisdiction – Expanded Edition – Legal status as at 25 August 2026
Authors: attorney-at-law (radca prawny) K. Jakub Gładkowski (corporate practice, court and regulatory representation), attorney-at-law (radca prawny) Małgorzata Kiełtyka (M&A, high-technology and highly regulated sectors) – KG Legal Kiełtyka Gładkowski Spółka Partnerska Kancelaria Radców Prawnych; iSTART1 programme.
This material is of a popular-science and informational nature. It does not constitute legal advice or a binding opinion. Before citing any specific provision, the current consolidated version in EUR-Lex and the current entry in the Polish Journal of Laws (Dziennik Ustaw) should be verified in each case.
