Publication date: November 13, 2024

The European Union, issuing Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ EU. L. of 2016, No. 119, p. 1, as amended), commonly known as the GDPR Regulation, had to face the threats resulting from the effects of globalism. It could not limit the processing of personal data only to the borders of Europe, where the GDPR guaranteed strong protection. It had to create a system that could also provide this protection in third countries outside the old continent.

It did so in Chapter V of the regulation, where a number of solutions were found to facilitate the processing of data in third countries and, on the other hand, ensure a high level of protection. The essence of this solution is the institution of “adequate countries”, i.e. those in which the European Commission has found an adequate level of personal data protection. However, the regulation also contains other solutions for situations when we will not be dealing with an adequate country.

European Data Protection Board

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Publication date: November 13, 2024

by Łukasz Ruman, KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI KG LEGAL

Electronic money institution, Payment institution, Small payment institution, Payment services office

In today’s world, conducting financial activities electronically is becoming increasingly popular. Banks are focusing on conducting their activities via the Internet and electronic payments. Companies that conduct their accounting remotely and freely make payments using intangible money do the same.

Technical and IT support for such a large financial industry requires specialized entities. For this purpose, numerous companies have been established that are called “fintech”. The abbreviation comes from the English phrase financial technology. It is used to collectively name programs used to handle finances electronically, but also companies involved in the production and maintenance of such programs.

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Publication date: November 04, 2024, by Łukasz Chwałkowski

In the face of dynamic technological development, the legal profession is encountering new opportunities that could significantly alter the way legal services are provided. The computerization of legal work, using artificial intelligence (AI) and new technologies, not only increases efficiency but can also contribute to a more transparent and fairer justice system. Implementing AI in legal practice can offer various benefits:

Monitoring Case Law

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Publication date: October 28, 2024

What is it and what legal problems does it create?

Distributed intelligence (fr. intelligence distributee, eng. swarm intelligence) – a concept denoting the creation of cooperation between many natural (e.g. ant colony) or artificial (e.g. robots) agents without a previously defined plan and without a single commanding body, where the concept appears most often in works on artificial intelligence.

Swarm Intelligence: Collaborating Towards Collective Wisdom

Swarm intelligence, also known as distributed intelligence, is a fascinating area of artificial intelligence that draws inspiration from the natural world. It is based on the idea that a group of individuals, entities, acting together and without central control can achieve impressive results, often surpassing the capabilities of a single, intelligent entity.

Examples from nature

Nature is full of examples of swarm intelligence. Bees building their elaborate hives, ants transporting loads many times their own weight, and schools of fish moving in synchronized motion are just a few examples. These amazing phenomena inspire scientists to create algorithms and artificial intelligence systems that mimic the patterns of cooperation observed in the animal world. Humans can also be seen as examples of swarm intelligence. We cooperate with each other in various areas of life, such as work, science, art, and sports. We communicate with each other using language, gestures, and other signals. Some human artifacts also fall into the domain of swarm intelligence, notably some multi-robot systems, as well as some computer programs written to solve optimization and data analysis problems.

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Publication date: October 24, 2024

KG LEGAL KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI is pleased to announce that our lawyers will participate in the 6th Conference on “New Technologies and Artificial Intelligence: Legal and Practical Aspects of the Digital Economy,” which will take place on October 25-26, 2024. This event, organized by the Department of Economic, Civil and Digital Economy Law at the University of National Education Commission in Kraków, and co-organized by the Department of Civil and Private International Law at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, the National Information Processing Institute – State Research Institute, and the Academy of New Technology Law (UKEN), is one of the most important meetings concerning the legal aspects of new technologies in Poland.

The conference will be dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities brought by the development of artificial intelligence and other technological innovations, which are increasingly influencing the law, the economy, and social life. The main goal of the event is to address key regulatory, legal, and practical issues related to the implementation of new technologies, both from a national and international perspective. The conference program includes several key thematic panels:

Digitization of Judicial and Administrative Proceedings

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