Decision-making methods in collective bodies of limited liability companies and joint-stock companies.
Limited liability company
The shareholders’ meeting, the audit committee, the management board and the supervisory board are the collective bodies of a limited liability company. The Polish Commercial Companies Code introduces many regulations that allow the use of means of direct distance communication in order to improve the voting process in capital companies. Means of electronic communication are technical solutions, including ICT devices and software tools cooperating with them, enabling individual communication at a distance using data transmission between ICT systems.
The NANDO (New Approach Notified and Designated Organizations) database is an indispensable tool for every sponsor or investor who wants to legally introduce their products to the European Union market.
NANDO constitutes a list of notified bodies authorized to issue documents confirming compliance with EU regulations. Notified unit is an organization appointed by EU Member State (or other countries under specific agreements) to assess the compliance of certain products with the regulations before placing them on the market. As the name NANDO suggests, it refers to all organizations in the European Union notified and designated by the European Union under the political concept called “New Approach” and “New Approach Framework”. This covers a wide range of products, including toys, personal protective equipment and diagnostic devices.
KIEŁTYKA GŁADKOWSKI lawyers from the Polish jurisdiction took part in the inaugural meeting of INSOL SPG. INSOL is an international legal organization associating lawyers and accounting and financial advisors specializing in bankruptcy and restructuring matters, especially those with a cross-border element. KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI lawyers are members of INSOL INTERNATIONAL. During the meeting, comparative issues of debt collection in individual jurisdictions and the need to regularly inform colleagues about legislative changes, including corporate and consumer bankruptcy, were discussed.
The subject of the meeting was to prepare practical issues for the annual conference in San Diego (USA) from May 22 to 24, 2024 and the possibility of publishing case content on the INSOL newsletter.
Upon the application of Ceneo, the Polish Regional Court in Warsaw banned the Google search engine from favoring its own price comparison website in search results.
The court’s decision applies to the results displayed to users of the Google search engine in Poland. It was issued as security for Ceneo’s claims to refrain from acts of unfair competition before filing a lawsuit against Google.
Ceneo – a comparison website owned by the Allegro Group, the owner of the e-commerce platform – in its application for granting interim security measure (reference number of the case: XXII GWO 24/24) pointed to four types of Google practices that limit their access to the market. The first is favoring one’s own comparison website (Google Shopping) at the expense of competing services (so-called self-preference), done through the way search results are presented. The second – redirecting traffic to Google Shopping at the expense of Ceneo, and the third – hindering access to the Polish comparison website by deleting search results leading to it.
