Concluding international trade agreements is becoming increasingly easier and risk-free. International trade underpins the global economy more than ever before, due to globalization and the increasing unification of legal provisions governing this matter, along with the expansion of international agreements and intergovernmental cooperation. However, international law does not always address the needs of complex relationships between entities from different countries, which leads to a lack of certainty and predictability in legal transactions. To stabilize international contractual relations, efforts are being made to standardize private law at the international level and adapt state regulations to the needs of cross-border trade. This task is becoming increasingly easier due to the rapid development of new technologies and the digitization of organizational centers. Organizations such as the Hague Conference on Private International Law are engaged in the unification of private law.
A letter of credit is a financial instrument. It constitutes a form of domestic or international settlement conducted through a bank. It is a written commitment by the bank to pay a specified amount for documents submitted within a specified timeframe, as specified in the letter of credit. It protects the interests of both parties to the contract by ensuring the exporter’s immediate transfer of the receivable, while allowing the importer to condition payment upon the supplier’s fulfillment of specific conditions. Letters of credit are offered by banks operating in the Polish market – details regarding fees can be found in the tables of fees and commissions published on the banks’ websites.
Poland has for years represented one of the most restrictive approaches in Europe. That is precisely why the recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Commission v Poland, delivered on 19 June 2025 in Case C-200/24, is so important. It does not only affect one domestic provisions. It forces us to revisit a broader question: where is the proper legal balance between public health protection, professional ethics, consumer information, and economic freedom in the pharmacy sector?
On March 26, 2026, our law firm, KG Legal Kiełtyka Gładkowski, will participate in the annual Job Fair organized by the Jagiellonian University. The event will take place from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the Jagiellonian University Auditorium Maximum at 33 Krupnicza Street.
On 25 March 2026, the latest edition of the Legal 500 EMEA ranking – one of the most prestigious legal directories worldwide – was officially published.
