The employer is obliged to provide employees with working conditions that meet the requirements of occupational health and safety in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Labor and Social Policy on general occupational health and safety regulations (Journal of Laws 2003.169.1650). Compliance with these rules is crucial for the protection of the health of employees and their comfort while performing their duties.
Physicians’ liability is one of the key pillars of the healthcare system. It provides mechanisms for controlling the quality of medical services and protecting patients from errors and negligence. In the Polish legal system, this liability is multidimensional, encompassing disciplinary, civil and criminal liability. Each of these areas has a separate function, although their common goal is to ensure safety and maintain high standards of medical practice.
Ecodesign is a concept of designing products in a way that takes into account environmental aspects at all stages of their life cycle – from raw material extraction, through production, use, to disposal or recycling. In a legal context, ecodesign refers to EU regulations regarding design requirements for products placed on the EU market.
The legal basis for ecodesign in the European Union is Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, which replaced the previous regulations contained in Directive 2009/125/EC. The new regulation specifies requirements for products in terms of their energy efficiency, durability, reparability and the use of recycled materials. Despite the lack of a precise definition of this concept, it can be illustrated by describing the functions it performs in the EU legal order.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine are areas that have gained importance in recent years. AI algorithms have been used to support clinical decision-making and image analysis. Doctors receive suggestions on the choice of therapy, drugs and the assessment of potential side effects.
In the area of medical imaging, machine learning is used to analyze computed tomography, X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging to identify pathological changes that could be missed by radiologists. Studies show that artificial intelligence algorithms achieve results comparable to, and in many cases even better than, the best diagnosticians. The effect of these actions is a reduction in the percentage of false positive diagnoses that indicate the presence of a disease, which in turn reduces unjustified anxiety among patients. Scientists from the United States have confirmed that decision-support tools can reduce the percentage of false positive diagnoses and improve drug dosing. Experts predict significant savings in the healthcare sector, provided that solutions based on artificial intelligence are consistently implemented. However, the implementation of AI in medicine raises numerous legal and ethical challenges that require special attention, especially in the context of medical data protection.
